Applied Scientist, Modeling and Optimization (MOP)

Do you enjoy solving challenging problems and driving innovations in research? Are you seeking for an environment with a group of motivated and talented scientists like yourself? Do you want to create scalable optimization models and apply machine learning techniques to guide real-world decisions? Do you want to play a key role in the future of Amazon transportation and operations? Come and join us at Amazon's Modeling and Optimization team (MOP).Key job responsibilitiesAn Applied Scientist in the Modeling and Optimization (MOP) team - provides analytical decision support to Amazon planning teams via applying advanced mathematical and statistical techniques.- collaborates effectively with Amazon internal business customers, and is their trusted partner- is proactive and autonomous in discovering and resolving business pain-points within a given scope- is able to identify a suitable level of sophistication in resolving the different business needs- is confident in leveraging existing solutions to new problems where appropriate and is independent in designing and implementing new solutions where needed- is aware of the limitations of their proposed solutions and is proactive in communicating them to the business, and advances the application of sciences towards Amazon business problems by bringing new methods, ideas, and practices to the team and scientific community.A day in the life- Your will be developing model-based optimization, simulation, and/or predictive tools to identify and evaluate opportunities to improve customer experience, network speed, cost, and efficiency of capital investment.- You will quantify the improvements resulting from the application of these tools and you will evaluate the trade-offs between potentially competing objectives. - You will develop good communication skills and ability to speak at a level appropriate for the audience, will collaborate effectively with fellow scientists, software development engineers, and product managers, and will deliver business value in a close partnership with many stakeholders from operations, finance, IT, and business leadership.About the team- At the Modeling and Optimization (MOP) team, we use mathematical optimization, algorithm design, statistics, and machine learning to improve decision-making capabilities across WW Operations and Amazon Logistics.- We focus on transportation topology, labor and resource planning for fulfillment facilities, routing science, visualization research, data science and development, and process optimization.- We create models to simulate, optimize, and control the fulfillment network with the objective of reducing cost while improving speed and reliability.- We support multiple business lanes, therefore maintain a comprehensive and objective view, coordinating solutions across organizational lines where possible.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- 3+ years of building models for business application experience- PhD, or Master's degree and 4+ years of CS, CE, ML or related field experience- Experience in patents or publications at top-tier peer-reviewed conferences or journals- Experience programming in Java, C++, Python or related language- Experience in any of the following areas: algorithms and data structures, parsing, numerical optimization, data mining, parallel and distributed computing, high-performance computing ...

Principal Research Scientist, Fullfilment By Amazon (FBA) Science

The Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) and Supply Chain by Amazon (SCA) enable third-party sellers to use Amazon’s world-class science and logistics infrastructure to supply and fulfill customers world-wide with unprecedented fast delivery promise to customer. In doing so, sellers spend more time building great products, delight customers and grow their business. The FBA team is looking for a passionate, curious, and creative Principal Research Scientist with expertise in operations research, machine learning or statistics, along with a proven record of solving business problems through scalable modeling and analytical skills. As a lead research scientist in the team, you will be responsible for designing and implementing cutting edge optimization and ML models, building automated inventory, logistics and revenue management systems while collaborating with business and software teams to solve key challenges facing the worldwide FBA business. Such challenges include 1) designing end-to-end supply and demand management systems, ranging from capacity, inventory, and workforce management systems, 2) developing and improving optimization and ML models to help FBA sellers grow their business, 3) ensuring that worldwide Amazon customers have access to the largest selection of products through FBA sellers, and 4) driving out costs across end-to-end FBA supply chain. Unlike many companies who buy existing off-the-shelf planning systems, we design and build systems to suit Amazon’s particular needs. Our team members are on the forefront of supply chain thought leadership by working on some of the most difficult problems in the industry with some of the best product managers, research scientists, statisticians, economists and software developers in the business. We value individuals who exhibit deep technical proficiency, a desire for learning new areas, and a track record of delivering tangible results while fostering personal growth, team development, and career advancement.A day in the lifeIn this pivotal role, you will be a technical leader in operations research or machine learning, with significant scope, impact, and visibility. Your solutions have the potential to drive billions of dollars in impact for Amazon's third-party seller business. As a senior scientist on the team, you will engage in every facet of the process—from idea generation, business analysis and scientific research to development and deployment of advanced models—granting you a profound sense of ownership. From day one, you will collaborate with experienced scientists, engineers, and product managers who are passionate about their work. Moreover, you will collaborate with Amazon's broader decision and research science community, enriching your perspective and mentoring fellow engineers and scientists. The successful candidate will have the strong expertise in applying operations research methodologies to address a wide variety of supply chain problems with millions of unique products involving hundreds of thousands of Selling Partners and tens of millions of customers worldwide. You will strive for simplicity, demonstrate judgment backed by mathematical rigor, as you continually seek opportunities to innovate, build, and deliver. Entrepreneurial spirit, adaptability to diverse roles, and agility in a fast-paced, high-energy, highly collaborative environment are essential. About the teamSellers play a vital role in Amazon’s ecosystem, integral to our mission of offering the Earth’s largest selection and lowest prices. FBA is a service that enables third-party sellers to outsource order fulfillment to Amazon, and leverage Amazon’s world-class facilities to provide customers Prime delivery promise. By partnering with Amazon, sellers benefit from powerful, cost-effective solutions that leverage our scale and technology, gain access to Prime members worldwide, increase their sales, and have more time to continue inventing amazing products for customers. With commitment to taking on even more of the supply chain and operational complexities on behalf of our selling partners, Amazon introduced Supply Chain by Amazon (SCA), an end-to-end, fully automated suite of supply chain services. This comprehensive solution empowers sellers to quickly and reliably transport products from manufacturing sites to customers worldwide. Amazon Warehousing and Distribution is a pivotal service in SCA, that provides best-in-class bulk storage and distribution services to sellers, ensuring they remain well-stocked across all their sale and fulfillment channels while reducing the total supply chain costs. The FBA team is the core group in charge of fulfillment, inventory management, pricing, and a diverse range of operational recommendation services for sellers, as well as building the internal resource management systems. We work to learn seller behavior, understand seller experience, build automated assistants to sellers, recommend right actions to sellers, design seller policies and incentives, and develop science products and services that empower third-party sellers to grow their businesses. To do so, we build and innovate science solutions at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, economics, operations research, and data analytics. We work full-stack, from foundational backend systems to future-forward user interfaces. Our culture is centered on rapid prototyping, rigorous experimentation, and data-driven decision-making.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- Ph.D. in Operations Research, Machine Learning, Statistics, Computer Science, Applied Mathematics, Operations Management, Industrial Engineering, Economics or a related field.- 7+ years of experience in solving complex problems in the area of operations research, statistics or machine learning, as well as in developing strategies for large-scale supply chain, transportation and logistic networks.- Ability to perform quantitative, economic, and numerical analyses of large-scale systems under uncertainty using statistical and optimization tools such as Python, R and XPRESS to determine solution strategies for complex decision-making problems.- Fluency in using mathematical optimization or machine learning, including algorithm design, continuous and discrete optimization, stochastic analysis, supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods, and deep learning, to develop solution methods to be used by in-house decision support tools and software.- Proficiency working with Python, SQL and/or C/C++.- Excellent written and verbal communication skills while addressing both technical and business people, ability to speak at a level appropriate for the audience, and skills to present business cases, and document models, analyses, and results to influence important decisions. ...

Applied Scientist, Optimal Sourcing Systems

Amazon is looking for an Applied Scientist to help build the next generation of sourcing and vendor experience systems. The Optimal Sourcing Systems (OSS) owns the optimization of inventory sourcing and the orchestration of inbound flows from vendors worldwide. We source inventory from thousands of vendors for millions of products globally while orchestrating the inbound flow for billions of units. Our goals are to increase reliable access to supply, improve supply chain-driven vendor experience, and reduce end-to-end supply chain costs, all in service of maximizing Long-Term Free Cash Flow (LTFCF) for Amazon.As an Applied Scientist, you will work with software engineers, product managers, and business teams to understand the business problems and requirements, distill that understanding to crisply define the problem, and design and develop innovative solutions to address them. Our team is highly cross-functional and employs a wide array of scientific tools and techniques to solve key challenges, including optimization, causal inference, and machine learning/deep learning. Some critical research areas in our space include modeling buying decisions under high uncertainty, vendors' behavior and incentives, supply risk and enhancing visibility and reliability of inbound signals.Key job responsibilitiesYou will be a science tech leader for the team. As a Applied Scientist you will:- Set the scientific strategic vision for the team. You - - lead the decomposition of problems and development of roadmaps to execute on it.- Set an example for other scientists with exemplary scientific analyses; maintainable, extensible, and well-tested code; and simple, intuitive, and effective solutions.- Influence team business and engineering strategies.- Exercise sound judgment to prioritize between short-term vs. long-term and business vs. technology needs.- Communicate clearly and effectively with stakeholders to drive alignment and build consensus on key initiatives.- Foster collaborations between scientists across Amazon researching similar or related problems.- Actively engage in the development of others, both within and outside the team.- Engage with the broader scientific community through presentations, publications, and patents.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- 3+ years of building machine learning models for business application experience- PhD, or Master's degree- Experience programming in Java, C++, Python or related language- Experience with deep learning methods and machine learning ...

Applied Scientist, Automated Reasoning Group

The Automated Reasoning Group is looking for an Applied Scientist to formally verify high-performance cryptographic algorithms as well as develop the scalable automated reasoning tools required to do so.You will be part of a larger organization that develops formal software analysis tools from model checkers to deductive theorem provers and applies them to software at all levels of abstraction from assembly through very high-level languages like Dafny. You will work collaboratively to deliver results in the form of verified code and tools to accelerate code verification for our customer teams.Each day, hundreds of thousands of developers make billions of transactions worldwide on AWS. They harness the power of the cloud to enable innovative applications, websites, and businesses. Using automated reasoning technology and mathematical proofs, AWS allows customers to answer questions about security, availability, durability, and functional correctness. We call this provable security, absolute assurance in security of the cloud and in the cloud. https://aws.amazon.com/security/provable-security/Key job responsibilities- Verify high-performance algorithm kernels for mathematical and cryptographic operations at various levels of abstraction, from Arm and x86 native code to higher-level code in C and Rust.- Develop tools through the use of theorem proving, SAT, SMT, and various concepts from programming languages to automate reasoning at scale about such code.- Design such tools to be usable by developers so that they can verify their own code.- Work with customers to deliver implementations and proofs to meet product schedules.A day in the lifeWhy AWSAmazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. We pioneered cloud computing and never stopped innovating — that’s why customers from the most successful startups to Global 500 companies trust our robust suite of products and services to power their businesses. Inclusive Team Culture Here at AWS, it’s in our nature to learn and be curious. Our employee-led affinity groups foster a culture of inclusion that empower us to be proud of our differences. Ongoing events and learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences, inspire us to never stop embracing our uniqueness. Work/Life Balance We value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there’s nothing we can’t achieve in the cloud. Mentorship and Career Growth We’re continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth’s Best Employer. That’s why you’ll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional. Diverse Experiences Amazon values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the preferred qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn’t followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don’t let it stop you from applying.Utility Computing (UC) AWS Utility Computing (UC) provides product innovations — from foundational services such as Amazon’s Simple Storage Service (S3) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), to consistently released new product innovations that continue to set AWS’s services and features apart in the industry. As a member of the UC organization, you’ll support the development and management of Compute, Database, Storage, Internet of Things (IoT), Platform, and Productivity Apps services in AWS, including support for customers who require specialized security solutions for their cloud services.About the teamYou will be working with a team of formal verification specialists spanning recently hired PhDs to industry veterans. Our vision is to provide solutions that are proven correct without compromising performance.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- PhD, or Master's degree and 6+ years of applied research experience- Experience programming in Java, C++, Python or related language ...

Research Scientist, Special Projects

Innovators wanted! Are you an entrepreneur? A builder? A dreamer? This role is part of an Amazon Special Projects team that takes the company’s Think Big leadership principle to the extreme. We focus on creating entirely new products and services with a goal of positively impacting the lives of our customers. No industries or subject areas are out of bounds. If you’re interested in innovating at scale to address big challenges in the world, this is the team for you.As a Research Scientist, you will work with a unique and gifted team developing exciting products for consumers and collaborate with cross-functional teams. Our team rewards intellectual curiosity while maintaining a laser-focus in bringing products to market. At the cutting edge of both academic and applied research in this product area, you have the opportunity to work together with some of the most talented scientists, engineers, and product managers.Here at Amazon, we embrace our differences. We are committed to furthering our culture of inclusion. We have thirteen employee-led affinity groups, reaching 40,000 employees in over 190 chapters globally. We are constantly learning through programs that are local, regional, and global. Amazon’s culture of inclusion is reinforced within our 16 Leadership Principles, which remind team members to seek diverse perspectives, learn and be curious, and earn trust.Our team highly values work-life balance, mentorship and career growth. We believe striking the right balance between your personal and professional life is critical to life-long happiness and fulfillment. We care about your career growth and strive to assign projects and offer training that will challenge you to become your best.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- Master's degree, or Bachelor's degree and 5+ years of quantitative field research experience- Experience investigating the feasibility of applying scientific principles and concepts to business problems and products- Experience analyzing both experimental and observational data sets ...

Applied Scientist, Neuron ARG

The Automated Reasoning Group in the AWS Neuron Compiler team is looking for an Applied Scientist to work on the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and program analysis to raise the code quality bar in our state-of-the-art deep learning compiler stack. This stack is designed to optimize application models across diverse domains, including Large Language and Vision, originating from leading frameworks such as PyTorch, TensorFlow, and JAX. Your role will involve working closely with our custom-built Machine Learning accelerators, Inferentia and Trainium, which represent the forefront of AWS innovation for advanced ML capabilities, and is the underpinning of Generative AI.In this role as an Applied Scientist, you'll be instrumental in designing, developing, and deploying analyzers for ML compiler stages and compiler IRs. You will architect and implement business-critical tooling, publish cutting-edge research, and mentor a brilliant team of experienced scientists and engineers. You will need to be technically capable, credible, and curious in your own right as a trusted AWS Neuron engineer, innovating on behalf of our customers. Your responsibilities will involve tackling crucial challenges alongside a talented engineering team, contributing to leading-edge design and research in compiler technology and deep-learning systems software. Strong experience in programming languages, compilers, program analyzers, and program synthesis engines will be a benefit in this role.A background in machine learning and AI accelerators is preferred but not required.A day in the lifeDiverse ExperiencesAWS values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn’t followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don’t let it stop you from applying.Why AWS?Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. We pioneered cloud computing and never stopped innovating — that’s why customers from the most successful startups to Global 500 companies trust our robust suite of products and services to power their businesses.AWS Utility Computing (UC) provides product innovations — from foundational services such as Amazon’s Simple Storage Service (S3) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), to consistently released new product innovations that continue to set AWS’s services and features apart in the industry. As a member of the UC organization, you’ll support the development and management of Compute, Database, Storage, Internet of Things (IoT), Platform, and Productivity Apps services in AWS, including support for customers who require specialized security solutions for their cloud services.Inclusive Team CultureHere at AWS, it’s in our nature to learn and be curious. Our employee-led affinity groups foster a culture of inclusion that empower us to be proud of our differences. Ongoing events and learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences, inspire us to never stop embracing our uniqueness.Mentorship & Career GrowthWe’re continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth’s Best Employer. That’s why you’ll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional.Work/Life BalanceWe value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there’s nothing we can’t achieve in the cloud.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- PhD, or Master's degree and 4+ years of CS, CE, ML or related field experience- 3+ years of building models for business application experience- Experience in patents or publications at top-tier peer-reviewed conferences or journals- Experience programming in Java, C++, Python or related language- Experience in any of the following areas: algorithms and data structures, parsing, numerical optimization, data mining, parallel and distributed computing, high-performance computing ...

Jr. Applied Scientist- San Diego

The Jr. Applied Scientist role is a unique employment opportunity for students seeking to gain on-the-job applied science and machine learning experience and receive excellent mentoring while completing their education. Jr. Applied Scientists are immersed in an Amazon team and work on exciting, meaningful projects that impact real Amazon customers. Paired 1:1 with a Amazon Applied Science Mentor, Jr. Applied Scientists receive guidance and support in all aspects of their role: skill development, career advisement, project collaboration, and more! Upon successful completion of your degree and success in the Jr. Applied Scientist role, the opportunity for full-time employment may be available at an Amazon corporate site. The Jr. Applied Scientist role is part of the Jr. Developer Program, a unique internship program in several respects:• We offer work year-round, part-time (16 hrs/week) while in school and full-time (40hrs/week) during summer. Working schedules are flexible and can be re-arranged each quarter to accommodate class schedules. • We offer excellent mentoring. Our full-time applied scientists, data scientists, business intelligence engineers, and software development engineers are willing and able to mentor exceptional student applied scientists, data scientists, SDEs, and BIEs. • Jr. Applied Scientists are given responsibilities and roles that prepare them to enter the workforce after graduation with “real world” applied science and machine learning experience. Jrs. who participate in the Jr. Developer Program routinely acknowledge the valuable learning experience created by the uniform excellence of their teams, mentoring offered by experienced Amazonians, and the challenge of being a principal contributor to science and software products. Key job responsibilities• Amazon applied scientists are specialists with the knowledge to help drive the scientific vision for our products. They are aware of the state-of-the-art in their respective field of expertise and are constantly focused on advancing that state-of-the-art for improving Amazon’s products and services.• As a Jr. Applied Scientist at Amazon, you will connect with world leaders in your field working on similar problems. You will be working with distributed systems of data and providing technical partnership to the product managers, teams, and organizations building machine learning solutions. You will be tackling Machine Learning challenges in Supervised, Unsupervised, and Semi-supervised Learning; utilizing modern methods such as deep learning and classical methods from statistical learning theory, detection, estimation.• This individual will analyze large amounts of data, discover and solve real world problems and build metrics and business cases around key performance of this program. • The ideal candidate will use a customer backwards approach in deriving insights and identifying actions we can take to improve the customer experience and conversion for the program.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- Currently enrolled in an accredited college or university Master's degree program.- Majoring in Computer Science, Statistics or a related STEM discipline.- Graduating in June 2027 and beyond. - Ability to work year-round: part-time during the school year and full-time during the summer.- This role is not offered as remote or hybrid and working hours must be conducted in our corporate office in San Diego.- Living within commutable distance to San Diego, CA and able to work in-person. ...

Applied Scientist III, AWS Identity

Are you passionate about programming languages, applying formal verification, program analysis, constraint-solving, and/or theorem proving to real world problems? Do you want to create products that help customers? If so, then we have an exciting opportunity for you. In this role, you will interact with internal teams and external customers to understand their requirements. You will apply your knowledge to propose innovative solutions, create software prototypes, and productize prototypes into production systems using software development tools and methodologies. In addition, you will support and scale your solutions to meet the ever growing demand of customer use.Technical Responsibilities: - Interact with various teams to develop an understanding of their security and safety requirements. - Apply the acquired knowledge to build tools find problems, or show the absence of security/safety problems. - Implement these tools through the use of SAT, SMT, and various concepts from programming languages, theorem proving, formal verification and constraint solving. - Perform analysis of the customer systems using tools developed in-house or externally provided - Create software prototypes to verify and validate the devised solutions methodologies; integrate the prototypes into production systems using standard software development tools and methodologies.Leadership Responsibilities: - Can present and defend company-wide technical decisions to the internal technical community and represent the company effectively at technical conferences. - Functional thought leader, sought after for key tech decisions. Can successfully sell ideas to an executive level decision maker. - Mentors and trains the research scientist community on complex technical issues.AWS has the most services and more features within those services, than any other cloud provider–from infrastructure technologies like compute, storage, and databases–to emerging technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, data lakes and analytics, and Internet of Things. Whether its Identity features such as access management and sign on, cryptography, console, builder & developer tools, and even projects like automating all of our contractual billing systems, AWS Platform is always innovating with the customer in mind. The AWS Platform team sustains over 750 million transactions per second.We have a formal mentor search application that lets you find a mentor that works best for you based on location, job family, job level etc. Your manager can also help you find a mentor or two, because two is better than one. In addition to formal mentors, we work and train together so that we are always learning from one another, and we celebrate and support the career progression of our team members.Key job responsibilitiesTechnical Responsibilities: - Interact with various teams to develop an understanding of their security and safety requirements. - Apply the acquired knowledge to build tools find problems, or show the absence of security/safety problems. - Implement these tools through the use of SAT, SMT, BDDs, and various concepts from programming languages, theorem proving, formal verification and constraint solving. - Perform analysis of the customer systems using tools developed in-house or externally provided - Create software prototypes to verify and validate the devised solutions methodologies; integrate the prototypes into production systems using standard software development tools and methodologies.Leadership Responsibilities: - Can present and defend company-wide technical decisions to the internal technical community and represent the company effectively at technical conferences. - Functional thought leader, sought after for key tech decisions. Can successfully sell ideas to an executive level decision maker. - Mentors and trains the research scientist community on complex technical issues.A day in the lifeYou will be working on cutting edge technology related to formal methods, automated reasoning, automated testing, and adjacent areas. You will work with fellow applied scientists to solve challenging problems that provide value to customers by improving the quality of software. You will have an opportunity to publish your work.Why AWSAmazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. We pioneered cloud computing and never stopped innovating — that’s why customers from the most successful startups to Global 500 companies trust our robust suite of products and services to power their businesses.AWS Utility Computing (UC) provides product innovations — from foundational services such as Amazon’s Simple Storage Service (S3) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), to consistently released new product innovations that continue to set AWS’s services and features apart in the industry. As a member of the UC organization, you’ll support the development and management of Compute, Database, Storage, Internet of Things (Iot), Platform, and Productivity Apps services in AWS, including support for customers who require specialized security solutions for their cloud services.Inclusive Team CultureHere at AWS, it’s in our nature to learn and be curious. Our employee-led affinity groups foster a culture of inclusion that empower us to be proud of our differences. Ongoing events and learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences, inspire us to never stop embracing our uniqueness.Work/Life BalanceWe value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there’s nothing we can’t achieve in the cloud.Mentorship and Career GrowthWe’re continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth’s Best Employer. That’s why you’ll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional.Diverse ExperiencesAmazon values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the preferred qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn’t followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don’t let it stop you from applying.About the teamThe Automated Reasoning in Identity (ARI) team is growing fast. It works on applying automated reasoning techniques to services within AWS's Identity organization, building on initial successes of the Zelkova and Access Analyzer projects. The reach of AR within Identity is growing, with more scientists joining all the time.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- PhD, or Master's degree and 6+ years of applied research experience- Experience programming in Java, C++, Python or related language- Experience in any of the following areas: algorithms and data structures, parsing, numerical optimization, data mining, parallel and distributed computing, high-performance computing- Experience in patents or publications at top-tier peer-reviewed conferences or journals ...

Aerodynamics & Vehicle Design, Prime Air Flight Sciences Vehicle Design & Test

Here at Amazon, we embrace our differences. We are committed to furthering our culture of diversity and inclusion of our teams within the organization.How do you get items to customers quickly, cost-effectively, and—most importantly—safely, in less than an hour? And how do you do it in a way that can scale? Our teams of hundreds of scientists, engineers, aerospace professionals, and futurists have been working hard to do just that! We are delivering to customers, and are excited for what’s to come. Check out more information about Prime Air on the About Amazon blog (https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/transportation/amazon-prime-air-delivery-drone-reveal-photos).If you are seeking an iterative environment where you can drive innovation, apply state-of-the-art technologies to solve real world delivery challenges, and provide benefits to customers, Prime Air is the place for you.Come work on the Amazon Prime Air Team!Our Prime Air Drone Vehicle Design and Test team within Flight Sciences is looking for an outstanding engineer to help us rapidly configure, design, analyze, prototype, and test innovative drone vehicles. You’ll be responsible for assessing the Aerodynamics, Performance, and Stability & Control characteristics of vehicle designs. You’ll help build and utilize our suite of Multi-disciplinary Optimization (MDO) tools. You’ll explore new and novel drone vehicle conceptual designs in both focused and wide open design spaces, with the ultimate goal of meeting our customer requirements. You’ll have the opportunity to prototype vehicle designs and support wind tunnel and other testing of vehicle designs. You will directly support the Office of the Chief Program Engineer, and work closely across all vehicle subsystem teams to ensure integrated designs that meet performance, reliability, operability, manufacturing, and cost requirements.About the teamOur Flight Sciences Vehicle Design & Test organization includes teams that span the following disciplines: Aerodynamics, Performance, Stability & Control, Configuration & Spatial Integration, Loads, Structures, Mass Properties, Multi-disciplinary Optimization (MDO), Wind Tunnel Testing, Noise Testing, Flight Test Instrumentation, and Rapid Prototyping.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- Bachelors Degree in aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, physics and 5+ years experience or equivalent- Experience with flight vehicle design, simulation, and development- Proficient with at least one modern programming language (e.g. C++, Python, Java, VBA) ...

Applied Scientist, BuilderWorks

Are you excited about developing generative AI and foundation models to revolutionize automation, text generation, and machine learning at scale? Are you looking for opportunities to build and deploy them on real problems at truly vast scale? At Amazon BuilderWorks we are on a mission to build high-performance autonomous systems that perceive and act to further improve our world-class builder experience - at Amazon scale.This role is for the Data Reserach Org for Insights Development (DROID) Science team which has deep expertise developing cutting edge AI solutions at scale and successfully applying them to business problems in the Stores, Devices, and Other (SDO) organization. These solutions typically utilize machine learning and GenAI techniques, applied to text, sequences of events, wikis, or customer input from existing or new tooling. The team is comprised of scientists, who develop machine learning and deep learning solutions, analytics, who evaluate the expected business impact for a project and the performance of these solutions, and software engineers, who provide necessary support such as annotation pipelines and machine learning library development.We are looking for an Applied Scientist with expertise in GenAI. You will work alongside other scientists, engineers, product managers and various stakeholders to deploy models at scale across a diverse set of initiatives. If you are a self-motivated individual with a zeal for customer obsession and ownership, and are passionate about applying science for real world problems - this is the team for you.Key job responsibilities- You will be part of a team of scientists and engineers and will work on scaling systems to production along side partner teams.- You will learn how to build robust solutions that operate at Amazon scale, and work with senior technical leaders to grow your skills.- You will face a high level of research ambiguity and problems that require creative, ambitious, and inventive solutions.- You will design and implement scalable solutions and solve complex problems- You will mentor and coach junior software developers- You should be a great communicator and should be motivated to achieve results in a fast-paced, and at times ambiguous, environment- You should be a self-starter with a bias towards independent problem solving.About the teamBuilderWorks tools, libraries, and services empower Amazon builders to deliver solutions for a diversity of internal and external customer use-cases spanning the Stores business as our primary customer with additional support for Devices and Other (SDO) business units across Amazon. The DROID team sits within BuilderWorks and seeks to be the primary source for standardized, actionable metrics and science-driven insights within BuilderWorks. We achieve this through user-focused tools that provide comprehensive access to current and future metrics, solutions that provide measurable impact to cost and engagement through the use of scientific methods, user-accessible data repositories for individual analyses and deep divesDROID Science mission is to provide measurable impact on customer experience and BuilderWorks efficiencies through the use of scientific methods and processes. We quantify the impact of programs in terms of engagement and cost through data science studies. We own the model framework, where we deliver prospective insights and retrospective measurements of the effect that BuilderWorks programs have on builder experience. We partner with BuilderWorks programs to develop a principled and data driven methodology for quantifying the impact of programs on SDO.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- 3+ years of building models for business application experience- PhD, or Master's degree and 4+ years of CS, CE, ML or related field experience- Experience programming in Java, C++, Python or related language- Experience in any of the following areas: algorithms and data structures, parsing, numerical optimization, data mining, parallel and distributed computing, high-performance computing ...

Senior Applied Scientist, Clinical AI, Health AI

About Amazon HealthAmazon Health’s mission is to make it dramatically easier for customers to access the healthcare products and services they need to get and stay healthy. Towards this mission, we (Health Storefront and Shared Tech) are building the technology, products and services, that help customers find, buy, and engage with the healthcare solutions they need.Job summaryWe are seeking an exceptional Senior Applied Scientist to join a team of experts in the field of machine learning, and work together to break new ground in the world of healthcare to make personalized and empathetic care accessible, convenient, and cost-effective. We leverage and train state-of-the-art large-language-models (LLMs) and develop entirely new experiences to help customers find the right products and services to address their health needs. We work on machine learning problems for intent detection, dialogue systems, and information retrieval. You will work in a highly collaborative environment where you can pursue both near-term productization opportunities to make immediate, meaningful customer impacts while pursuing ambitious, long-term research. You will work on hard science problems that have not been solved before, conduct rapid prototyping to validate your hypothesis, and deploy your algorithmic ideas at scale. You will get the opportunity to pursue work that makes people's lives better and pushes the envelop of science.#everydaybetterKey job responsibilities- Translate product and CX requirements into science metrics and rigorous testing methodologies.- Invent and develop scalable methodologies to evaluate LLM outputs against metrics and guardrails.- Design and implement the best-in-class semantic retrieval system by creating high-quality knowledge base and optimizing embedding models and similarity measures.- Conduct tuning, training, and optimization of LLMs to achieve a compelling CX while reducing operational cost to be scalable.A day in the lifeIn a fast-paced innovation environment, you work closely with product, UX, and business teams to understand customer's challenges. You translate product and business requirements into science problems. You dive deep into challenging science problems, enabling entirely new ML and LLM-driven customer experiences. You identify hypothesis and conduct rapid prototyping to learn quickly. You develop and deploy models at scale to pursue productizations. You mentor junior science team members and help influence our org in scientific best practices.About the teamWe are the Health AI team at HST (Health Store and Technology). The team consists of exceptional ML Scientists with diverse background in healthcare, robotics, customer analytics, and communication. We are committed to building and deploying the most advanced scientific capabilities and solutions for the products and services at Amazon Health.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- 3+ years of building machine learning models for business application experience- PhD in engineering, technology, computer science, machine learning, robotics, operations research, statistics, mathematics or equivalent quantitative field, or Master's degree and 6+ years of building machine learning models for business application experience- Knowledge of programming languages such as C/C++, Python, Java or Perl ...

Amazon Robotics - Research Scientist Intern - Summer 2025, Amazon Robotics

Are you inspired by invention? Is problem solving through teamwork in your DNA? Do you like the idea of seeing how your work impacts the bigger picture? Answer yes to any of these and you’ll fit right in here at Amazon Robotics. We are a smart team of doers that work passionately to apply cutting edge advances in robotics and software to solve real-world challenges that will transform our customers’ experiences in ways we can’t even imagine yet. We invent new improvements every day. We are Amazon Robotics and we will give you the tools and support you need to invent with us in ways that are rewarding, fulfilling and fun. The Research Science team at Amazon Robotics is seeking interns with a passion for robotic research to work on cutting edge algorithms for robotics. Our team works on challenging and high-impact projects, including allocating resources to complete a million orders a day, coordinating the motion of thousands of robots, autonomous navigation in warehouses, and learning how to grasp all the products Amazon sells. We are seeking internship candidates with backgrounds in computer vision, machine learning, resource allocation, discrete optimization, search, planning/scheduling, and reinforcement learning. As an intern you will develop a new algorithm to solve one of the challenging computer vision and manipulation problems in Amazon's robotic warehouses. Your project will fit your academic research experience and interests. You will code and test out your solutions in increasingly realistic scenarios and iterate on the idea with your mentor to find the best solution to the problem. BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- Currently enrolled in a PhD program in Computer Science, Engineering, Machine Learning, Operations Research or similar with a graduation date after December 2025- Must be available and eligible for a full-time (40h/week) internship between May/June and August/September 2025- At least two years of relevant academic research in state-of-the-art approaches for at least one of computer vision, resource allocation, optimization, planning, machine learning, or reinforcement learning- Fluency in at least one statistical software package such as R, Stata, or Matlab- Experience with programming languages such as Java, C++, Python ...

Research Scientist II, Amazon Dash Cart

The Amazon Dash Cart team is seeking a highly motivated Research Scientist (Level 5) to join our team that is focused on building new technologies for grocery stores. We are a team of scientists invent new algorithms (especially artificial intelligence, computer vision and sensor fusion) to improve customer experiences in grocery shopping.The Amazon Dash Cart is a smart shopping cart that uses sensors to keep track of what a shopper has added. Once done, they can bypass the checkout lane and just walk out. The cart comes with convenience features like a store map, a basket that can weigh produce, and product recommendations. Amazon Dash Cart’s are available at Amazon Fresh, Whole Foods. Learn more about the Dash Cart at https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=21289116011.Key job responsibilitiesAs a research scientist, you will help solve a variety of technical challenges and mentor other engineers. You will play an active role in translating business and functional requirements into concrete deliverables and build quick prototypes or proofs of concept in partnership with other technology leaders within the team. You will tackle challenging, novel situations every day and given the size of this initiative, you’ll have the opportunity to work with multiple technical teams at Amazon in different locations. You should be comfortable with a degree of ambiguity that’s higher than most projects and relish the idea of solving problems that, frankly, haven’t been solved before - anywhere. Along the way, we guarantee that you’ll learn a ton, have fun and make a positive impact on millions of people.About the teamAmazon Dash cart allows shoppers to checkout without lines — you just place the items in the cart and the cart will take care of the rest. When you’re done shopping, you leave the store through a designated dash lane. We charge the payment method in your Amazon account as you walk through the dash lane and send you a receipt. Check it out at https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=21289116011.Designed and custom-built by Amazonians, our Dash cart uses a variety of technologies including computer vision, sensor fusion, and advanced machine learning. BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- PhD, or Master's degree and 4+ years of quantitative field research experience- Experience investigating the feasibility of applying scientific principles and concepts to business problems and products- Experience analyzing both experimental and observational data sets ...

Senior Research Scientist, Sr. Research Scientist, SCOT Strategic Sourcing

Are you up to the task of delivering innovative solutions that manages a supply chain of millions of unique products involving hundreds of thousands of suppliers and tens of millions of customers around the world? Amazon’s Strategic Sourcing team is looking for Senior Operations Research Scientists to build Amazon’s next generation of inventory planning and supply chain solutions. We are part of Supply Chain Optimization Technologies (SCOT): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncwsr1Of6Cw&feature=youtu.be Our systems use real time, large scale optimization techniques to automatically procure and source the product from suppliers and optimize the flow of goods across the supply chain to minimize the cost and lead time for customers. Our team is focused on saving hundreds of millions of dollars using cutting edge science, machine learning, and scalable distributed software on the Cloud that automates and optimizes supply chain under the uncertainty of demand, pricing and supply. We are unique in that we’re simultaneously developing the science of supply chain planning and solving some of the toughest computational challenges at Amazon. Unlike many companies who buy existing off-the-shelf planning systems, we are responsible for studying, designing, and building systems to suit Amazon’s needs. Our team members have an opportunity to be on the forefront of supply chain thought leadership by working on some of the most difficult problems in the industry with some of the best product managers, research scientists/statisticians/economists and software developers in the business.We are seeking an experienced research scientist. Candidate will be responsible for developing solutions to better manage/optimize the flow of inventory in Amazon's network world wide. This position will focus on identifying and analyzing opportunities to improve existing algorithms and also on the next generation of Amazon’s inventory supply chain optimization systems. This position requires superior analytical thinkers, able to quickly approach large ambiguous problems and apply their technical and statistical knowledge to identify opportunities for further research. You should be able to independently mine and analyze data, and be able to use any necessary programming and statistical analysis software to do so. Successful candidates must thrive in fast-paced environments which encourage collaborative and creative problem solving, be able to measure and estimate risks, constructively critique peer research, and align research focuses with the Amazon’s strategic needs. In joining our team, you'll enjoy a highly competitive salary, growth, working closely with smart engineers and researchers along with other benefits. We have a creative and comfortable work environment and this is your opportunity to be part of a fast-paced and growing technology team.Key job responsibilitiesSupply chain management, optimization, operations research, machine learning, reinforcement learningBASIC QUALIFICATIONS- PhD in operations research, applied mathematics, theoretical computer science, or equivalent- 5+ years of industry or academic research experience- Communication: Able to convey mathematical results in plain English, being able to clarify and formalize complex problems. Functional thought leader, sought after for key tech decisions.- Knowledge of programming languages such as C/C++, Python, Java or Perl to prototype the research ideas ...

Amazon Postdoctoral Scientist , Amazon Robotics

Amazon is looking for talented Postdoctoral Scientists to join our Amazon Robotics team for a one-year, full-time research position.The host team is developing novel approaches to mobile robot operation to carry a wide range of loads and perform different roles in Amazon logistics. These robots are used in automating material handling throughout the fulfillment and sortation processes. The team focuses in multi-robot coordination and planning, while developing cost-sensitive solutions.The postdoc is expected to develop novel control and planning algorithms for a fleet of agile robots, working closely with mechanical engineers. Experience with hands-on development and bring-up of robotic systems would be a significant contribution to team goals.Key job responsibilities• Work closely with a senior science advisor, collaborate with other scientists and engineers, and be part of Amazon’s vibrant and diverse global science community.• Publish your innovation in top-tier academic venues and hone your presentation skills.• Be inspired by challenges and opportunities to invent cutting-edge techniques in your area(s) of expertise.• Be comfortable with a fast-paced work with a lot of unknowns and hands-on engagement.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS• PhD in a relevant field, received within 2 years of starting the program• Proven publication record in Robotics Control and Path Planning for mobile robots * Experience in multi-robot planning* Proficiency in technologies relevant to the subfield ...

Senior Applied Scientist, ShipTech Analytics

Transform analytics at global scale with cutting-edge AI/ML and GenAI - Join the founding team of the Science Center of Excellence at ShipTech Analytics!Revolutionize transportation analytics worldwide by leveraging the latest AI/ML research and technologies at Amazon ShipTech Analytics (STA). As a Sr. Applied Scientist, you'll spearhead initiatives to tackle critical business challenges, optimizing operations and driving innovation across Amazon's massive transportation network.- Pioneer the flagship AI-programs, employing traditional ML and GenAI to derive insights and recommendations for crucial metrics like Delivery Estimate Accuracy (DEA)- Optimize business review processes at scale, directly impacting operations for 100K+ Amazonians worldwide- Collaborate with top minds in AI/ML, working on complex, high-impact problems in the transportation domain- Drive innovation and thought leadership in supply chain analytics, shaping the future of Amazon's logistics operations.We're seeking motivated, multi-talented individuals passionate about pushing the boundaries of AI/ML and GenAI in transportation analytics. Join the founding team of STA's Science Center of Excellence and leave your mark on Amazon's global logistics operations. Apply now for this unique opportunity to transform analytics at an unprecedented scale!Key job responsibilitiesYou will work closely with business/operations leaders, product managers, business intelligent engineers, software engineering leadership & senior engineers to build capabilities that transform our transportation analytics. This includes analyzing big data, building end-to-end analytics pipelines, prototype optimization/ML/simulation models, and launch production capabilities. You will have exposure to senior leadership as you communicate results and provide scientific guidance to the business. Your insights will be a key influencer of our product strategy and roadmap and your experimental research will inform our future investment areas.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- 4+ years of building machine learning models for business application experience- PhD, or Master's degree and 6+ years of building machine learning models for business application experience- Experience programming in Java, C++, Python or related language- Experience with neural deep learning methods and machine learning ...

Applied Scientist - Forecasting & Risk Modeling, mmPROS Surface Transportaton Research Science

mmPROS Surface Research Science seeks an exceptional Applied Scientist with expertise in forecasting and risk modeling to optimize Amazon's middle mile transportation network, the backbone of its logistics operations. Amazon's middle mile transportation network utilizes a fleet of semi-trucks, trains, and air planes to transport millions of packages per day as well as other freight between warehouses, vendor facilities, and customers, on time and at low cost. The mmPROS Surface Research Science team delivers innovation, models, algorithms, and other scientific solutions to efficiently plan and operate the middle mile surface (truck and rail) transportation network. The team focuses on large-scale problems in vehicle route planning, capacity procurement, network design, forecasting, and equipment re-balancing. Your role will be to build innovative forecasting, risk quantification, and other machine learning models to decide the optimal long-term and short-term strategy for truck capacity procurement and other planning problems.Your models will impact business decisions worth billions of dollars and improve the delivery experience for millions of customers. You will operate as part of a team of innovative, experienced scientists working on machine learning and optimization problems, and you will work in close collaboration with partners across product, engineering, business intelligence, and operations. Key job responsibilities- Design, develop, and implement forecasting models, risk models, and other machine learning models to inform our hardest planning decisions.- Implement machine learning and risk models in Amazon's production software.- Lead and partner with product, engineering, and operations teams to drive modeling and technical design for complex business problems.- Lead complex modeling and data analyses to aid management in making key business decisions and set new policies.- Write documentation for scientific and business audiences.About the teamThis role is part of mmPROS Surface Research Science. Our mission is to build the most efficient and optimal transportation network on the planet, using our science and technology as our biggest advantage. We aim to leverage cutting edge technologies in optimization, operations research, and machine learning to grow our businesses and solve Amazon's unique logistical challenges.Scientists in the team work in close collaboration with each other and with partners across product, software engineering, business intelligence, and operations. They regularly interact with software engineering teams and business leadership.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- PhD, or Master's degree and 4+ years of science, technology, engineering or related field experience- 1+ years of programming in Java, C++, Python or related language experience- Experience building machine learning models or developing algorithms for business application ...

Research Scientist, Design and Simulation, AWS Center for Quantum Computing

The AWS Center for Quantum Computing is a multi-disciplinary team of scientists, engineers, and technicians, all working to innovate in quantum computing for the benefit of our customers.We are looking to hire a Research Scientist to design and model novel superconducting quantum devices, including qubits, readout and control schemes, and advanced quantum processors. Candidates with a track record of original scientific contributions and/or software development experience will be preferred. We are looking for candidates with strong engineering principles and resourcefulness. Organization and communication skills are essential.About the teamAWS Utility Computing (UC) provides product innovations — from foundational services such as Amazon’s Simple Storage Service (S3) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), to consistently released new product innovations that continue to set AWS’s services and features apart in the industry. As a member of the UC organization, you’ll support the development and management of Compute, Database, Storage, Internet of Things (Iot), Platform, and Productivity Apps services in AWS, including support for customers who require specialized security solutions for their cloud services.Diverse ExperiencesAWS values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn’t followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don’t let it stop you from applying. Why AWS?Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. We pioneered cloud computing and never stopped innovating — that’s why customers from the most successful startups to Global 500 companies trust our robust suite of products and services to power their businesses.Inclusive Team CultureHere at AWS, it’s in our nature to learn and be curious. Our employee-led affinity groups foster a culture of inclusion that empower us to be proud of our differences. Ongoing events and learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences, inspire us to never stop embracing our uniqueness.Mentorship & Career GrowthWe’re continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth’s Best Employer. That’s why you’ll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional. Work/Life BalanceWe value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there’s nothing we can’t achieve in the cloud. BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- PhD in physics, applied physics, electrical engineering, or equivalent degree in a similar field- Knowledge of quantum mechanics, with expertise in at least one of the following topics: quantum technologies (sensing, communications, computing, etc.) superconducting qubits, hybrid quantum acoustic devices, cavity/circuit QED, quantum optics, open quantum systems, superconductivity (phenomenology or microscopic theory)- Proficient in a scientific programming environment ...

Senior Applied Scientist, Amazon Search/Rufus

We’re working to improve shopping on Amazon using the conversational capabilities of large language models and are searching for pioneers who are passionate about AI and innovation in a fast moving environment. You'll be working with talented scientists, engineers, and technical program managers (TPM) to innovate on behalf of our customers. Your focus will be in post-training problems and solutions including grounding, fine-tuning and personalization.Key job responsibilitiesAs a Sr. Applied Science, you will drive strategic investments in the applied science team while delivering impact in short term iterations. Your focus will be in post-training problems and solutions including grounding, fine-tuning and personalization. You will stay in tune with state of the art and mentor other applied scientists.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- PhD, or Master's degree and 6+ years of applied research experience- Experience with neural deep learning methods and machine learning- 3+ years of building machine learning models for business application experience- Experience programming in Java, C++, Python or related language ...

Principal Applied Scientist, Amazon Private Brands

The Amazon Private Brands’ Discovery team develops innovative machine learning solutions to enhance customer awareness of Amazon's private brands and help customers discover products they love. This interdisciplinary team of scientists and engineers incubates and builds disruptive technologies, tackling some of the most complex scientific challenges at Amazon. To achieve this, we leverage a wide range of advanced techniques, including Natural Language Processing (NLP), deep learning, large language models (LLMs), multi-armed bandits, reinforcement learning, Bayesian optimization, causal and statistical inference, and econometrics, to drive discovery throughout the customer journey. Our solutions are not only critical to the success of Amazon's private brands but also serve as a leading example of discovery technologies across Amazon. We are seeking a Principal Scientist to join our team and lead the development of cutting-edge machine learning models and algorithms that will drive innovative discovery solutions for Amazon Private Brands. In this hands-on role, you will apply your expertise to propose solutions, create software prototypes, and successfully transition these prototypes into production systems using modern software development tools and methodologies. You will also be responsible for scaling these solutions to meet the growing and evolving needs of our customers. As a Principal Scientist, you will play a pivotal role in shaping the vision, design, and roadmap for complex, previously unsolved problems, guiding solutions from inception to implementation. Strong verbal and written communication skills, a self-driven mindset, and the ability to deliver high-quality results in a fast-paced environment are essential for success in this role.Key job responsibilitiesYou will be responsible for defining key research directions, adopting or inventing new machine learning techniques, conducting rigorous experiments, publishing results, and ensuring that research is translated into practice. You will develop long-term strategies, persuade teams to adopt those strategies, propose goals and deliver on them. You will also participate in organizational planning, hiring, mentorship and leadership development. You have a passion for building scalable science and engineering solutions. You will serve as a key scientific resource in full-cycle development (conception, design, implementation, testing to documentation, delivery, and maintenance).BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- 10+ years minimum of hands-on science application experience- PhD in a relevant technical field (or equivalent experience in some cases)- Strong publication track record ...